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THE Food disorders They are characterised by complex and multifactorial etiology.
Experimental and perspective data suggest that cultural models affect the body image. That is, they make the alteration of food behavior more likely through two principal processes. 1) The internalization of the perfect of thinness and a pair of) the investment on the body to guage oneself.
In our culture, the body and physical appearance represent a fundamental basis through which to guage themselves. The self -esteem depends directly on the achievement of certain ideals of beauty and shape of the body.
The unattainable ideal of thinness That the corporate promotes, nonetheless, often generates unusual body. This in turn promotes unhealthy dietary behaviors, similar to the restriction of food intake.
Body dissatisfaction in eating disorders
Dissatisfaction with one’s body can encourage negative feelings similar to anxiety, shame and sadness.
In research on the onset and maintenance of eating disorders, some aspects similar to:
- the dissatisfaction of the body
- the internalization of the perfect of thinness
- weight-reduction plan
- negative affectivity (anxiety, sadness and shame)
Recent longitudinal studies have investigated how the factor of theself-objectiveness may predict the onset and maintenance of eating disorders in female people.
But what is supposed by self-objectiveness?
It is the tendency to experience one’s body from the angle of an external observer. The self-objectiveness due to this fact describes a specific perspective on the bodily self. A type of self -awareness characterised by the same old monitoring of the body and its constant thought when it comes to appearance (Riva et al., 2015).
In a longitudinal study of 2700 girls (Dakanalis et al., 2017) it emerged that self-objectiveness is the factor that the majority predicts theonset of eating disorders in girls. Its predictive power appears to be twice the body espatted and 3 times being on a weight-reduction plan.
These results are increasingly guiding research on prevention and on treatment of eating disorders.
Studies show a direct link between the symptoms of eating disorders and self-objectiveness, body monitoring and internalization of certain socio-cultural beauty standards.
But if all women are exposed to certain beauty models, why only a small part develops a food disorder?
Riva along with other researchers, tried to reply this query by connecting the car-objectification theory with The hypothesis of the allocentric block. Suggested that i eating disorders have an allocentric negative image of their body as antecedent. That is, that he can’t be updated by the self -centered sensory contribution of perception.
- The self -centered perspective is the one that enables us to see the objects in relation to ourselves: the position of an object changes after we move. This self -centered representation is principally utilized in motor activity directed in space learn how to grasp or reach an object.
- In the allocentric perspective, quite the opposite, the thing is represented independently of our relationship with it. With reference to the body, the third -person perspective is within the mirror. It is interesting to notice that even anxious subjects (for instance those affected by social anxiety) are more inclined to recollect events in an allocentric perspective.
An example of an allocentric representation of the body is: “I look from the surface to my fat body in front of a one that makes fun of me“.
Studies on the allocentric perspective in eating disorders
Recent research on space memory has shown that these two perspectives (self -centered and allocentric) have an influence in the best way the memories are stored and recovered.
Riva suggests that a girl can internalize an objectified self -image when she uses one allocentric perspective (Method of observer) to recollect events wherein it’s evaluated on the idea of body appearance.
This alocentric self -self can have a vital behavioral impact. The woman begins recent behaviors to contrast the negative content of her objective body. One of those may be control or the food restriction which, nonetheless, doesn’t seem like effective to alter the target self.
To change the allocentric memory of fat body, The content have to be transformed of a self -centered format. This is to check it with perceptual data.
According to Byrne and other colleagues, the Papez circuit transforms allocentric content right into a self -centered format. Thanks to this transformation recent perceptual data (lean body) update the content of objectively personal memory (“now I’m thin “).
If this transformation is compromised, the topic is blocked on a negative self -self. The perception is unable to update itself even after a weight-reduction plan and a big weight reduction.
Allocentric block and eating disorder
The hypothesis of allocentric blocking He suggests that folks with eating disorders are blocked in an objectively objective memory of the body (it’s represented from outside, as in a mirror). This would not be updated by conflicting self -centered representations, guided by perception (I feel more fat than I’m).
It seems due to this fact, there’s an inability to accurately integrate self -centered and allocentric information.
Food disorders and virtual reality
Recent studies are aimed toward evaluating how the virtual reality may be used for the treatment of eating disorders, specifically to correct this error of sensory integration.
For now, these are only preliminary studies or studies on individual cases. However, the outcomes seem to point out that The experience of a virtual bodychange the distortions in multisensory integration.
A really recent preliminary study on 23 people affected by anorexia nervosa, highlights that just one session Of Body Swapping (experience of a brand new virtual body) is sufficient to supply a big reduction in the extent of body distortion (Serino et al., 2017).
Despite the encouraging results of the studies, theUse of virtual reality It continues to be removed from being easily accessible within the clinic. This is on account of the high costs of the helmets, viewers and software essential for the sessions and the problem of using the essential instrumentation.
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