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To help field personnel quickly access 3D BIM models and other project documents for the Oakland Medical Center Replacement Project, general contractor McCarthy Building Companies placed lots of of QR codes throughout the complex. Users simply scan certainly one of the QR codes with a smartphone or tablet computer and immediately immerse themselves within the up-to-date, as-built 3D BIM model or 3D laser scan of that space. Photo: McCarthy Building Companies
Pechacek says there are huge benefits to implementing AR on the job site, especially for complex, legacy buildings like hospitals. Take change orders, for instance. In long-running hospital construction projects, where technologies and processes may change multiple times during a three- to five-year project span, change orders can have a major impact on the project schedule and budget.
“Say the client wants to vary out a chunk of apparatus in a patient room,” says Pechacek. “Traditionally, the subs would need to open up your entire wall, clean it out, locate the hookups for the equipment, wait for inspection approval, and shut and patch up the wall—a process that may take greater than a day.”
Using AR, the team would give you the option to chop that timeframe right down to hours, says Pechacek. “The laser scanning shows exact, as-built information, so you recognize precisely where the wall backing, pipes, boxes for the connections, med gas, etc., are situated behind the wall or above the ceiling,” he says. “So as an alternative of opening your entire wall, they will hole saw to the precise location of the pipe, connect it, and do a fast patch in about an hour.”
The same goes for operations and maintenance applications. Not having to take a patient room out of commission to perform maintenance, repairs, or upgrades offers substantial savings for the healthcare system client. Also, all major constructing systems can have their very own QR code, for fast access to manuals, warranties, preventive maintenance schedules, and work histories.
“For them to give you the option to walk right into a room with a tablet and see exactly where every little thing is or access information on a chunk of apparatus without having to run back to their computer, that’s an enormous profit,” says Pechacek.
The key to McCarthy’s AR implementation is capturing the as-built environment at several stages during construction using 3D laser scanning. The McCarthy team conducted comprehensive scanning sessions in the course of the final-inspection stage, when all constructing systems and infrastructure were installed and the team was waiting for final signoff to shut up the partitions and ceilings.
“Most AEC firms will laser scan existing conditions to be used for design development on a renovation project,” he says. “We’re doing it in the course of the course of construction, creating as-builts as we go, and using that as a component inside our change-management process. This has allowed us to mitigate the impacts of changes, and has helped to maintain us on schedule and inside budget. For such a big project, it’s a considerable feat to give you the option to tug this off.”
Eventually, several hundred QR codes shall be placed throughout the complex, on the doorjambs of most rooms, in addition to on key constructing and medical equipment and systems.
AR involves the AEC sector
Since the mid-Nineteen Sixties, computer scientists and inventors have tested the concept of overlaying digital information onto the actual world, first with bulky, head-mounted displays and later with sleek, portable monitors. But it wasn’t until Apple popularized the iPad in early 2010 that AR would grow to be financially feasible for general construction applications. With the meteoric rise of tablet computing got here the boom in tablet apps—the mix of which provided AEC professionals with a comparatively low-cost, consumer-level hardware/software solution for bringing AR to the sector. Almost overnight, any design or construction skilled with $500 and basic knowledge of AR had a technique for bringing his or her 3D models to life on the job site.
Today, there are nearly a dozen AR-related apps available on iTunes or Google Play, and more are within the works, in keeping with Dace Campbell, AIA, LEED AP, Customer Success Manager with Autodesk, who has been developing, applying, and promoting AR within the AEC industry for years (Campbell authored an article on the subject for BD+C in February 2012).
“Products like Google Glass have made augmented reality more of a household term,” says Campbell, who was named a BD+C “40 Under 40” honoree in 2011. While real-world AR applications are still rare in the development industry, Campbell sees the adoption rate growing as the subsequent generation of tools is developed and AEC professionals grow to be more acquainted with the technology.
Campbell says the subsequent iteration of AR software apps will offer higher integration with existing BIM workflows, allowing field users to access, review, and update the model in real time.
“The current state of apps requires you to divorce away out of your standard tools, do a one-off exploration with consumer-level AR tools, and then you definately’re left with a branch within the workflow that’s a dead end,” says Campbell. “If you don’t have software that works along with your on a regular basis tools, AR becomes an expensive, specialized case. AR shouldn’t be a standalone app. Soon, the perfect BIM apps will likely have an AR mode.”
Another obstacle is the sheer amount of knowledge in models. Many consumer-level AR apps and tablet computers have a difficult time handling wealthy data sets, especially for big projects like stadiums and hospitals. Some teams have needed to simplify their data sets with a purpose to implement AR, which fits back to the BIM-workflow disconnect problem.
Campbell also sees accuracy problems related to AR hardware and software. “AR is all concerning the co-location of virtual and physical space, or virtual data onto physical space, regardless of what the display device is,” he says. “Through that you may have to co-locate that data accurately within the space, which comes right down to position tracking, orientation tracking, and scale. AEC models are built full-scale, and orientation tracking is comparatively easy, especially with a tablet’s gyroscope. Position tracking is the actual challenge—there’s no consumer-level, out-of-the box solution for accurate position tracking today. We have GPS, which works with line-of-sight applications outdoors, but that’s only accurate to the closest meter.”
Finally, within the not-too-distant future, teams won’t need to use QR codes or markers on the job site, since the AR application will recognize precisely where the mobile device is situated on the location and can routinely orient and match the model view.
“That’s the Holy Grail, and I feel we’re getting there,” says Campbell. “In the meantime we’ve got to work with markers to get reasonably accurate tracking.
“Quite a lot of software corporations have been hard at work to give you the subsequent generation of tools that address the issues that individuals have encountered,” he says. “I’m optimistic that we’re lower than 18 months away from some big developments.”
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