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DEVCOM researchers discovered a brand new technique for AR to beat shiny lighting conditions through the day by utilizing low contrast dimming highlights. They said this opens up latest research questions that can improve warfighter AR and heads-up display performance in outdoor operations.
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ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. — The U.S. Army continues to explore latest technologies to enhance warfighter performance on the battlefield, and researchers imagine augmented reality, or AR, is a vitally essential a part of that process.
Researchers from the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, now often known as DEVCOM, Army Research Laboratory discovered a brand new technique for AR to beat shiny lighting conditions through the day by utilizing low contrast dimming highlights. They said this opens up latest research questions that can improve warfighter AR and heads-up display performance in outdoor operations.
“Imagine a Soldier of the longer term, trying to find a goal in an urban jungle,” said Dr. Chou Hung, a neuroscience researcher on the lab. “He looks out on the street and sees drones searching outside. He looks back down the dark hallway. The goggles immediately highlight the situation of the goal that the drone saw behind the wall, and the highlight is mechanically adjusted to the best level within the dim environment, in order that the Soldier also sees a second goal in one other room that was missed by the drone.”
A Soldier, highlighted by darkening, but strong highlighting, overloads a viewer’s attentional system–hindering the flexibility to see a second Soldier who was missed by the machine vision algorithm; nevertheless, with low-contrast highlighting, the viewer can see the second Soldier, even when the highlighting mechanism fails to catch all of the targets.
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In this scenario, the highlight worked. It was at the best level of contrast to draw the Soldier’s attention, but not so strong that it caused him to miss the second goal that wasn’t highlighted.
“We knew that AR displays work well indoors, but outdoors, the icons disappear since the displays have limited brightness,” Hung said. “Even on the brightest level, they’re as much as 100 times dimmer than a shiny sunny day, so the icons and goal highlights turn into invisible.”
Hung said it’s difficult to make the displays brighter because of the quantity of power needed and it’s hard (and computationally expensive with existing technology) to be sure the highlighting isn’t so strong that it prevents the Soldier from being attentive to the remaining of the scene.
“We proposed a brand new approach, low contrast dimming, that might be used to titrate the visibility of goal highlighting, but we were concerned that strong lighting variations on the retina as we shift our gaze would drown out the signal,” Hung said. “Our research shows that it should work; our visual system is definitely very resilient to strong luminance dynamics; we are able to see very low contrast (10%) immediately after taking a look at something 100 times brighter.”
DEVCOM researchers discovered a brand new technique for AR to beat shiny lighting conditions through the day by utilizing low contrast dimming highlights. They said this opens up latest research questions that can improve warfighter AR and heads-up display performance in outdoor operations.
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Researchers said future warfighters will need AR in outdoor and mixed indoor/outdoor environments.
“Our discovery paves the way in which towards enabling that use, including in difficult desert, snow, marine, and dense urban environments,” Hung said. “The same approach could also improve situational awareness for other display technologies similar to image intensifiers, infrared and fused night vision displays. This approach would also enable indirect optics and has potential for laser eye protection as well.”
According to Col. James Ness, professor of engineering psychology on the U.S. Military Academy, “Indirect viewing optics are definitely needed as laser powers that shift blue when hitting optics designed to filter harmful wavelengths turn into transparent.”
The researchers studied high dynamic range, or HDR, luminance – images by which the brightest and darkest pixels differ by as much as 100,000-to-1 ratio in brightness – and the way it affects visual processing.
“We imagine this could increase situational awareness and Intel, and avoid situations where information is lost since the display is solely invisible under shiny conditions,” Hung said. “For example, should you’re in hotel room looking outside, we see each inside and out of doors concurrently, but a typical camera can only see one or the opposite due to limited dynamic range, and current AR technology would have the identical display problem. This would be certain that the knowledge is visible on each parts of the screen, when it’s shown against the surface and when it’s shown against the indoor environment.”
DEVCOM researchers discovered a brand new technique for AR to beat shiny lighting conditions through the day by utilizing low contrast dimming highlights. They said this opens up latest research questions that can improve warfighter AR and heads-up display performance in outdoor operations.
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Researchers said success can even make future industrial AR more functional in daytime environments.
“Imagine extreme snow sports like a biathlon, for instance, with AR, or something so simple as looking for a number of hours on a shiny sunny day,” he said.
Results and rationale using AR with variable occlusion, to beat daytime invisibility of existing AR and to titrate attention for aided goal recognition have been published within the peer-reviewed Journal of Perceptual Imaging, Low-contrast Acuity Under Strong Luminance Dynamics and Potential Benefits of Divisive Display Augmented Reality, and the SPIE paper, Divisive display augmented reality (ddAR) for real-world warfighter performance.
Visit the laboratory’s Media Center to find more Army science and technology stories
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory is a component of the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command. As the Army’s corporate research laboratory, ARL is operationalizing science to attain transformational overmatch. Through collaboration across the command’s core technical competencies, DEVCOM leads in the invention, development and delivery of the technology-based capabilities required to make Soldiers more successful at winning the nation’s wars and are available home safely. DEVCOM is a significant subordinate command of the Army Futures Command.
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